Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus among pregnant women attending Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital Kano, Nigeria

KM Hamid, AB Onoja, UA Tofa, KN Garba

Abstract

Background: Primary Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy is a frequent and serious threat to the fetus. There is no vaccine as such alternative measures are needed to prevent congenital CMV infection. Objective: This study determined CMV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody among pregnant women in order to ascertain the immune status of mothers to guide policy makers. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire was initially administered to obtain information on demographic details, stage of pregnancy, risk factors. Blood was collected by venipuncture from 180 women attending the antenatal clinic in Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital Kano, Kano State, Nigeria. Sera samples were screened in a qualitative study using CMV IgG ELISA kit (Dialab, Austria). Results: Out of 180 pregnant women, 164 (91.1%) were seropositive. Based on stages of pregnancy 6/6(100%), 52/60(86.7%) and 106/114(93.0%) were seropositive among women in the first, second and third trimesters respectively. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of pregnant women to CMV Ig G is high, hence the need for CMV – IgM screening to know the extent of active infection. There is also the need for public enlightenment on the methods of transmission, effective prevention and control strategies.

Keywords: CMV; pregnant women; immunoglobulin G; seropositivity; Nigeria

African Health Sciences Vol 14 No.3 March 2014