Prevalence of intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) use during pregnancy and other associated factors in Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana

Verner N Orish, Onyekachi S Onyeabor, Johnson N Boampong, Richmond Afoakwah, Ekene Nwaefuna, Samuel Acquah, Adekunle O Sanyaolu, Nnaemeka C Iriemenam

Abstract

Background: Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) has been adopted as policy by most countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of IPTp-SP usage for prevention of malaria among pregnant women as well as evaluated factors associated with IPTp-SP use during pregnancy in Sekondi-Takoradi region of Ghana.

Methods: Pregnant women attending their antenatal-care with either clinical/ultrasound evidence of pregnancy were recruited. Venous blood was screened for malaria using RAPID response antibody kit and Giemsa staining. Haemoglobin estimations were done by cyanmethemoglobin method while Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) screening was performed by the national diagnostic algorithm of two rapid antibody test and western blot confirmation.

Results: Of the 754 consented pregnant women interviewed in this study, 57.8% had received IPTp-SP while 42.2% had not at their first contact with the study personnel. Furthermore, 18.6% (81/436) of those that received IPTp-SP were malaria positive while 81.4% (355/436) were malaria negative. The results also indicated that 47.7% (51/107) of the pregnant women in their third trimester who were meant to have received at least two-doses of SP had received ≥2 doses while 35.5% (38/107) had received 1 dose. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, pregnant women in their third trimester who received ≥2 doses of SP showed decreased likelihoods of malaria (adjusted OR, 0.042; 95% CI, 0.003-0.51; P = 0.013).

Conclusion: IPTp-SP usage among pregnant women in Sekondi-Takoradi reduces malaria and its use for malaria prevention should be strengthened with proper dosage completion and coverage.

Keywords: Malaria in pregnancy, IPTp-SP, anaemia, Ghana