Oxidative stress and histopathological changes induced by methylthiophanate, a systemic fungicide, in blood, liver and kidney of adult rats.

Ben Amara Ibtissem, Ben Saad Hajer, Hakim Ahmed, Elwej Awatef, Kallel Choumous,Boudawara Ons, Zeghal Khaled Mounir, Zeghal Najiba.

1. Animal Physiology Laboratory. Sfax Faculty of Sciences. BP1171, 3000 Sfax. University of Sfax. Tunisia.
2. Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 3029 Sfax, University of Sfax , Tunisia.
3. Hematology Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba 3029. Sfax University. Tunisia.
4. Anatomopathology Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba 3029. Sfax University. Tunisia.
¥: These authors contributed equally to this work

Abstract:
Background: Methyl-thiophanate (MT), a fungicide largely used in agriculture throughout the world including Tunisia, protects many vegetables, fruits and field crops against a wide spectrum of fungal diseases. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in MT toxicity on non-target organism.

Methods: In the present study, the effect of MT injected intraperitoneally to adult rats at 300 or 500 mg/kg of body weight was studied on blood, liver and kidney.

Results: Our results showed 3 days after MT injection, a significant decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit values. A disruption in total white blood cells and platelets also occurred.Accordingly, an increased in malondialdehyde, H2O2 and advanced oxidation protein levels in liver and kidney were noted with the two doses. A significant change in plasma biomarkers and organ enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities were observed after MT treatment. The modifications in biochemical parameters were substantiated by histopathological data.

Conclusion: These data confirmed the pro-oxidant effects of this fungicide. Accordingly, care must be taken to avoid mammalian and human exposure to MT.

Keywords: Methyl-thiophanate, white blood cells, red blood cells, liver, kidney.