Glycosylated haemoglobin is markedly elevated in new and known diabetes patients with hyperglycaemic ketoacidosis

CO Ekpebegh, B Longo-Mbenza, E Blanco-Blanco

Abstract

Background: Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and random blood glucose are markers of chronic and acute hyperglycaemia respectively.
Objective: We compared HbA1c levels in ketoacidosis (DKA) occurring in known and newly diagnosed diabetes.
Methods: Retrospective review of medical records for 83 DKA admissions in 2008 and 2009 with results for HbA1c at presentation
Results: There were 52 and 31 DKA admissions in known and newly diagnosed diabetes patients respectively. Fifty of the 83 DKA admissions were in females. The mean age (per admissions) and HbA1c of all admissions are 43.4 ± 20.3 years (n=83) and 12.7 ± 3.4 % (n=83) respectively. Mean HbA1c in known Type 1, known Type 2 and newly diagnosed diabetes patients were similarly very high: 12.4 ± 3.3 %, 12.5 ± 3.3 %, 13.1 ± 3.7 %; P = 0.6828. The HbA1c levels in newly diagnosed diabetes patients less than 30 years (likely Type 1 diabetes) and ≥ 30 years (likely Type 2 diabetes) were similar. There was a tendency to significantly positive correlation between blood glucose and HbA1c in new diabetes patients.
Conclusions: In our setting, DKA is associated with markedly elevated HbA1c levels in known type 1, known type 2 and new onset diabetes.

Key words: Glycosylated haemoglobin, ketoacidosis, Known and newly diagnosed diabetes